This has given rise to the widespread implementation of nanomaterials as pharmaceutical carriers for medical diagnostics and therapeutics (theranostics) ( Berthet et al., 2017 Singh et al., 2019). Nanomaterials are a befitting source to meet these requirements because they can be tailored to a vast range of sizes and shapes and can suit various delivery mechanisms, while the interactions between the carrier and the physiological medium can be controlled by adapting the surface properties of the carrier ( Kakkar et al., 2017). Moreover, the carrier is ideally biodegradable, biocompatible and non-immunogenic, with low systemic toxicity ( Alshamsan, 2014 Ananta et al., 2016). These novel delivery systems all strive for the “magic bullet” effect ( Bosch and Rosich, 2008) which is a vehicle that can form favorable interactions with a lipophilic or hydrophilic drug to facilitate high drug loading ( Aravind et al., 2013 Bauer et al., 2016), can shield the drug from physiological conditions, deliver it to the biological target with minimal loss, and then can release it at the site in a sustained manner and at therapeutic concentrations ( Al-Jamal et al., 2016 Almoustafa et al., 2017). This has urged scientists to investigate alternate forms of delivery to the biological target in order to overcome the hurdles associated with conventional drug delivery, such as poor drug entrapment, inadequate bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, as well as systemic toxicity and side effects. As a result of the ongoing discovery of numerous new pharmaceutically active compounds which have shown excellent efficacy but inadequate clinical translation, there is a growing need to fill the gap between the formulations available and their successful inclusion into active treatment. The design of novel delivery systems using nanomaterials has experienced substantial growth since the application of nanotechnology to biomedical applications established the field of nanomedicine. This review provides a critical summary of the synthesis and applications of PLGA-based systems in bio-medicine and outlines experimental and computational design considerations of these systems. The starting materials and preparation methods have been shown to influence various parameters of PLGA-based nanocarriers and their implementation in drug delivery systems, while the implementation of computational simulations as a component of formulation studies can provide valuable information on their characteristics. However, the need for preconception in these formulations is increasing, and this can be achieved by selection and elimination of design variables in order for these systems to be tailored for their specific applications. Polymeric biomaterials have found widespread applications in nanomedicine, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide), (PLGA) in particular has been successfully implemented in numerous drug delivery formulations due to its synthetic malleability and biocompatibility.
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